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12 Axes Test
Portrait of William Howard Taft

Twenty-seventh US president

William Howard Taft’s political views

The twenty-seventh president, who brought more antitrust cases than Roosevelt, backed the income-tax amendment, signed the Payne–Aldrich Tariff and lost the 1912 election after Roosevelt split the party.

Presidency
27th, 1909–1913
Party
Republican
Lived
1857–1930
Scored on
7 of 12 axes

Strongest documented leanings

  1. Planned70%
  2. Traditional65%
  3. Multiculturalist60%
Where Taft stood on the twelve axes
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Where Taft stood on the twelve axes

Each bar is one axis, between its two poles. Only axes with a documented position are scored; the others are shown as faint stubs on the icon and listed below, never as neutral.

Based on his record from 1909 to 1913. His later service as Chief Justice is not scored here; only the presidency is.

  • Nationalism vs InternationalismInternationalism 55%
    NationalismInternationalism

    Negotiated arbitration treaties with Britain and France in 1911, which the Senate amended until Taft could not accept them.

  • Militarist vs PacifistMilitarist 55%
    MilitaristPacifist

    Sent troops to Nicaragua after the 1911 coup and the 1912 disturbances as part of dollar diplomacy, yet said the United States would not intervene in revolutionary Mexico without congressional approval.

  • Assimilationist vs MulticulturalistMulticulturalist 60%
    AssimilationistMulticulturalist

    Vetoed the immigration bill in February 1913 because it imposed a literacy test on new arrivals; supporters could not muster the votes to override him.

  • Collectivize vs PrivatizeCollectivize 55%
    CollectivizePrivatize

    Backed the Sixteenth Amendment, passed by Congress in mid-1909, and a corporation tax, and won the law creating the Postal Savings System in 1910, to head off a general income tax.

  • Planned vs Laissez-fairePlanned 70%
    PlannedLaissez-faire

    Brought 70 antitrust cases in four years against Roosevelt’s 40 in seven, won the 1911 Supreme Court rulings against Standard Oil and American Tobacco, and signed the Mann–Elkins Act of 18 June 1910.

  • Isolationism vs GlobalismIsolationism 60%
    IsolationismGlobalism

    Signed the Payne–Aldrich Tariff on 5 August 1909, which angered progressives, then won congressional approval of a Canadian reciprocity agreement in July 1911 that Canada rejected after Prime Minister Laurier lost the September election.

  • Progressive vs TraditionalTraditional 65%
    ProgressiveTraditional

    Opposed the judicial recall and vetoed Arizona’s statehood bill over it in 1911, signing the admission bill on 14 February 1912 only after Arizona removed the provision.

No documented position, so not scored: Federal vs Unitary, Democratic vs Autocratic, Security vs Freedom, Irreligious vs Religious, and Acceleration vs Bioconservative.

What shaped the scores

Dated actions from the record. Each is tied to the axis it informs.

  1. Taft signs the Payne–Aldrich Tariff at 5:05 pm, with a corporation tax added in conference.

    Isolationism vs Globalism

    Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act · Wikipedia
  2. Congress passes the resolution proposing the Sixteenth Amendment, which Taft backs.

    Collectivize vs Privatize

    Presidency of William Howard Taft · Wikipedia
  3. He signs the Mann–Elkins Act, which gives the Interstate Commerce Commission power over telephone, telegraph and wireless companies and creates the Commerce Court.

    Planned vs Laissez-faire

    Mann–Elkins Act · Wikipedia
  4. The Supreme Court rules for the government against Standard Oil and American Tobacco.

    Planned vs Laissez-faire

    Presidency of William Howard Taft · Wikipedia
  5. Congress approves the Canadian reciprocity agreement; Canada rejects it after the September election.

    Isolationism vs Globalism

    Presidency of William Howard Taft · Wikipedia
  6. He signs Arizona’s admission as a state after it drops the judicial recall.

    Progressive vs Traditional

    Presidency of William Howard Taft · Wikipedia
  7. He vetoes the immigration bill because of its literacy test; Congress does not override him.

    Assimilationist vs Multiculturalist

    John Lawson Burnett · Encyclopedia of Alabama

Taft compared with other presidents

Measured on the axes both presidents are scored on, with the same rules as the quiz.

Questions about William Howard Taft’s politics

The twenty-seventh president, who brought more antitrust cases than Roosevelt, backed the income-tax amendment, signed the Payne–Aldrich Tariff and lost the 1912 election after Roosevelt split the party. On our twelve axes, the strongest documented leanings are Planned 70%, Traditional 65%, Multiculturalist 60%.

Those labels changed meaning over time, so this site describes Taft on twelve axes instead. On the economy, Taft’s record leans toward government action and public provision. On social questions it leans traditional. The scores above give the evidence behind each axis.

William Howard Taft was a Republican. Taft was the 27th president, serving 1909–1913.

On the axes they are both scored on, Taft is closest to Richard Nixon, Dwight D. Eisenhower, George H. W. Bush and furthest from Andrew Jackson, Calvin Coolidge, James K. Polk.

Roosevelt challenged Taft for the Republican nomination in 1912, then left the party after the convention, formed the Progressive Party and ran in the general election, which split the Republican vote.

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How close are you to Taft?

Take the test and see how your twelve scores compare, axis by axis.