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12 Axes Test
Portrait of Andrew Jackson

Seventh US president

Andrew Jackson’s political views

The seventh president, who vetoed the recharter of the Second Bank of the United States, threatened force against South Carolina’s nullification and signed the Indian Removal Act.

Presidency
7th, 1829–1837
Party
Democratic
Lived
1767–1845
Scored on
7 of 12 axes

Strongest documented leanings

  1. Assimilationist92%
  2. Traditional80%
  3. Laissez-faire78%
Where Jackson stood on the twelve axes
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Where Jackson stood on the twelve axes

Each bar is one axis, between its two poles. Only axes with a documented position are scored; the others are shown as faint stubs on the icon and listed below, never as neutral.

Based on his veto messages and his record from 1829 to 1837. His enslavement of people and the removal of Native nations are part of the record scored here; a place in this list is not praise.

  • Federal vs UnitaryUnitary 68%
    FederalUnitary

    His Proclamation to the People of South Carolina on 10 December 1832 called the power to annul a federal law “incompatible with the existence of the Union”, and the Force Bill followed in March 1833.

  • Democratic vs AutocraticAutocratic 55%
    DemocraticAutocratic

    Replaced his Treasury Secretary to stop federal revenue going into the Second Bank in 1833; the Senate censured him 26–20 in March 1834.

  • Nationalism vs InternationalismNationalism 70%
    NationalismInternationalism

    Made warlike gestures over the unpaid French debt, which was settled in 1836, and recognised the Republic of Texas at the end of his term.

  • Assimilationist vs MulticulturalistAssimilationist 92%
    AssimilationistMulticulturalist

    Signed the Indian Removal Act on 28 May 1830, which began the removal of the southeastern tribes west of the Mississippi.

  • Collectivize vs PrivatizePrivatize 72%
    CollectivizePrivatize

    Vetoed the recharter of the Second Bank of the United States on 10 July 1832 and paid off the whole national debt in January 1835.

  • Planned vs Laissez-faireLaissez-faire 78%
    PlannedLaissez-faire

    Vetoed the Maysville Road bill in 1830 as too local to deserve federal money, and in 1836 issued the Specie Circular, which required buyers of public land to pay in gold or silver.

  • Progressive vs TraditionalTraditional 80%
    ProgressiveTraditional

    Held enslaved people himself, and in 1835 his Postmaster General let Southern postmasters decide whether to discard abolitionist mailings.

No documented position, so not scored: Security vs Freedom, Militarist vs Pacifist, Isolationism vs Globalism, Irreligious vs Religious, and Acceleration vs Bioconservative.

What shaped the scores

Dated actions from the record. Each is tied to the axis it informs.

  1. The House passes the Maysville Road bill and Jackson vetoes it, judging the project too local for federal money.

    Planned vs Laissez-faire

    Presidency of Andrew Jackson · Wikipedia
  2. Jackson signs the Indian Removal Act, which Congress had passed by narrow margins.

    Assimilationist vs Multiculturalist

    Indian Removal Act · Wikipedia
  3. He vetoes the bill to recharter the Second Bank of the United States.

    Collectivize vs Privatize

    Presidency of Andrew Jackson · Wikipedia
  4. He issues the Proclamation to the People of South Carolina against nullification of the tariff laws.

    Federal vs Unitary

    Nullification crisis · Wikipedia
  5. The Senate censures Jackson 26–20 over his handling of the Bank.

    Democratic vs Autocratic

    Presidency of Andrew Jackson · Wikipedia
  6. The whole national debt is paid off.

    Collectivize vs Privatize

    Presidency of Andrew Jackson · Wikipedia

Questions about Andrew Jackson’s politics

The seventh president, who vetoed the recharter of the Second Bank of the United States, threatened force against South Carolina’s nullification and signed the Indian Removal Act. On our twelve axes, the strongest documented leanings are Assimilationist 92%, Traditional 80%, Laissez-faire 78%.

Those labels changed meaning over time, so this site describes Jackson on twelve axes instead. On the economy, Jackson’s record leans toward free markets and private provision. On social questions it leans traditional. The scores above give the evidence behind each axis.

Andrew Jackson was a Democrat. Jackson was the 7th president, serving 1829–1837.

On the axes they are both scored on, Jackson is closest to Grover Cleveland, James K. Polk, John Adams and furthest from Lyndon B. Johnson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman.

He is often credited with saying “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it.” The historian Robert Remini doubts he said it, since there was nothing for the president to enforce: Georgia held two missionaries after Worcester v. Georgia, and Van Buren later persuaded Georgia’s governor to pardon them in late 1832.

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Sources and credits

How close are you to Jackson?

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